What serious illness targets the nervous system?

Botulism is the correct answer because it is a serious illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which produces a potent toxin that affects the nervous system. The toxin can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure, showcasing its severe impact on neurological function.

In contrast, Hepatitis A primarily affects the liver, leading to liver inflammation and jaundice, without direct effects on the nervous system. Norovirus is known for causing gastroenteritis, characterized by stomach-related symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, which do not involve the nervous system. E. coli infections, especially certain strains, can lead to gastrointestinal issues and, in severe cases, kidney failure, but do not directly target the nervous system either. Thus, botulism is unique among the choices for its devastating effects specifically on neurological health.